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Reasons for a Tracheostomy
Airway Problems That May Require a Tracheostomy
Tumors, such as Cystic Hygroma
Laryngectomy
Infection, such as Epiglottitis or Croup
Subglottic Stenosis
Tracheomalacia
Vocal Cord Paralysis (VCP) Laryngeal injury or spasms
Congenital abnormalities of the airway
Large tongue or small jaw that blocks airway
Treacher Collins and Pierre Robin Syndromes
Severe neck or mouth injuries
Airway burns from inhalation of corrosive material, smoke or steam
Obstructive sleep apnea
Foreign body obstruction
Lung Problems That May Require a Tracheostomy
Need for prolonged respiratory support, such as Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
Chronic pulmonary disease to reduce anatomic dead space
Chest wall injury
Diaphragm dysfunction
Other Reasons for a Tracheostomy
Neuromuscular diseases paralyzing or weakening chest muscles and diaphragm
Aspiration related to muscle or sensory problems in the throat
Fracture of cervical vertebrae with spinal cord injury
Long-term unconsciousness or coma
Disorders of respiratory control such as Congenital Central Hypoventilation or Central Apnea
Facial surgery and facial burns
Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction)
Source : http://www.tracheostomy.com/faq/reasons.htm
